1810s 

Events

Fall of Napoleon, Waterloo 1814-15

Invention of steam-powered railroad by Stephenson 1814

Chile declares independence from Spain 1818

Raffles founds Singapore 1819

Texts

Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen (UK) 1813

The Tale of Kieu Nguyen Du (Vietnam) 1813

Mansfield Park Jane Austen (UK) 1814

Journey to Italy J.W. Goethe (Germany) 1816

Kubla Khan, Christabel Samuel Coleridge (UK) 1816

Frankenstein Mary Shelley (UK) 1817

Ozymandias Percy Shelley (UK) 1818

Endymion, Ode on a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn John Keats (UK) 1818-20

Music

Seventh Symphony, Beethoven (Germany) 1812

Eighth Symphony, Beethoven (Germany) 1812

Visual

The Black Paintings, Francesco Goya (Spain) 1819

Theater

The Prince of Homburg, Heinrich von Kleist (Germany) 1810

Theory

The World as Will and Idea Schopenhauer (Germany) 1818 

1820s

Events 

Mexico and Peru declare independence from Spain 1821, height of Bolivar

Wars of independence in Latin America

Missouri Compromise, Missouri and Maine join US 1820

Texts

Prometheus Unbound Percy Shelley, (UK) 1820

Ivanhoe Walter Scott (UK) 1820

Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship J.W. Goethe (Germany) 1821

Don Juan Lord Byron (UK) 1824

From the Life of a Good-for-nothing J. Eichendorff (Germany) 1826

The Last of the Mohicans James Fenimore Cooper (US) 1826

The Betrothed Alessandro Manzoni (Italy) 1827

Music

Ninth Symphony Beethoven (Germany) 1824           

Death and the Maiden (Quartet) Robert Schumann (Germany) 1825

Visual

Faust lithographs, Delacroix (France) 1828

1830s

Events

July Revolution in France 1830

France occupies Algiers, colonizes Maghreb

Accession of Queen Victoria in 1837, will rule until 1901

Chartism begins 1838

First passenger railroad 1830

Arkansas joins US 1836, Michigan joins US 1837

Invention of photography (black and white only) 1838

Opium War (UK-China) 1839

Texts 

The Red and the Black Stendhal (France) 1830

Eugene Onegin Alexander Pushkin (Russia) 1831

The Hunchback of Notre Dame Victor Hugo (France) 1831

Faust Part II J.W. Goethe (Germany) 1831

Fairy Tales Brothers Grimm (Germany) 1832 

Le Père Goriot Balzac (France) 1835

Pickwick Papers Charles Dickens (UK) 1837

Oliver Twist Charles Dickens (UK) 1838 

Nicholas Nickleby Charles Dickens (UK) 1839

The Chartreuse of Parma Stendhal (France) 1839

Music

24 preludes (Opus 28), Polonaise in C minor, Ballade in F major, Scherzo in C sharp minor, Fryderyk Chopin (Poland) 1830s

Theater

Woyzeck Anton Büchner (Germany) 1837 

Theory

Course of Positive Philosophy Auguste de Comte (France) 1830

Democracy in America Vol 1 Toqueville (France) 1835

1840s

Events

Florida and Texas join US in 1845, Iowa in 1846, Wisconsin in 1848

Mexican-American War 1846-1848

Chartist movement continues until 1849

1848 Revolutions

1845-1850 Famine in Ireland

1848 California Gold Rush

Texts

The Old Curiosity Shop Charles Dickens (UK) 1841

Dead Souls Gogol (Russia) 1842

A Christmas Carol Charles Dickens (UK) 1844

Count of Monte Christo Dumas (France) 1844

Selected short stories, Edgar Allen Poe (US) 1841-45

Jane Eyre Charlotte Bronte (UK) 1847

Wuthering Heights E. Bronte (UK) 1847

Music

Various piano (Opus 43-Opus 64), Fryderyk Chopin (Poland) 1840s

Theory

Democracy in America Vol 2 Toqueville (France) 1840

The Communist Manifesto Marx and Engels (UK) 1848

1850s

Events

Compromise of 1850 admits California as a free state and Texas as a slave state

Sojourner Truth’s landmark speech “Aren’t I a Woman” delivered at woman’s rights convention in Alcron, Ohio 1851

Crimean War 1854

Perry’s opening of Japan 1854

The Indian Mutiny 1857

Minnesota joins US in 1858, Oregon in 1859

Texts

Poems 1-152 Emily Dickinson (US) 1850-59 (Complete works, Ed. Thomas Johnson)

Portuguese Sonnets Elizabeth Barrett Browning (UK) 1850

David Copperfield Charles Dickens (UK) 1850

The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne (US) 1850

Moby Dick Herman Melville (US) 1851

Pierre Herman Melville (US) 1852

18^th Brumaire of Louis Napoleon Marx 1852 

Bleak House Charles Dickens (UK) 1853

Bartleby the Scrivener Herman Melville (US) 1853

Hard Times Charles Dickens (UK) 1854

Walden Henry David Thoreau (US) 1854

The Confidence-Man Herman Melville (US) 1857

Flowers of Evil Charles Baudelaire (France) 1857

Madame Bovary Gustave Flaubert (France) 1857

Origin of Species Charles Darwin (UK) 1859

A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens (UK) 1859

Music 

Tristan Richard Wagner (Germany) 1859

Theory

The 18^th Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte Karl Marx (Germany-UK) 1852

1860s

Events

Kansas joins US 1861, Nevada in 1864

US Civil War 1860-65

Nebraska joins US in 1867

Alaska purchase by US 1867

Meiji Restoration 1868

France colonizes Vietnam

Unification of Italy 1861

Suez canal opens 1869

Texts

Poems 153-1153 Emily Dickinson (US) 1860-69 (Complete works, Ed. Thomas Johnson)

Great Expectations Charles Dickens (UK) 1861

Fathers and Sons Ivan Turgenev (Russia) 1862

Les Misérables Victor Hugo (France) 1862  

Journey to the Center of the Earth Jules Verne (France) 1864

Notes from Underground Fyodor Dostoevsky (Russia) 1864

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Lewis Carroll (UK) 1865

War and Peace Tolstoy (Russia) 1865

Crime and Punishment Fyodor Dostoevsky (Russia) 1866

Peer Gynt Henrik Ibsen (Norway) 1867

The Idiot Fyodor Dostoevsky (Russia) 1868

Ses purs ongles Stephane Mallarmé (France) 1868

Culture and Anarchy Matthew Arnold (UK) 1869

Salammbo Gustave Flaubert (France) 1869

Sentimental Education Gustave Flaubert (France) 1869

War and Peace Tolstoy (Russia) 1869

Music

Night on Bald Mountain Mussorgsky (Russia) 1867

German Requiem (Opus 45) Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1868

Still need exact dates for: Brahms’ two piano quartets, op. 25 and 26, the two string quartets of op. 51, clarinet sonata op. 120, and C minor piano quartet, op. 60,

Theory

Capital (Vol. 1) Karl Marx (Germany-UK) 1867

The Function of Criticism at the Present Time Matthew Arnold (UK) 1864

1870s

Events

Franco-Prussian War 1870-71

Unification of Germany 1871

Paris Commune 1871

France colonizes Vietnam

First Impressionist exhibition in Paris; color photography invented 1873

Colorado joins US 1876

Queen Victoria proclaimed Empress of India 1876

Bell invents telephone 1876

Texts

Poems 1154-1483 Emily Dickinson (US) 1870-79 (Complete works, Ed. Thomas Johnson)

20,000 Leagues under the Sea Jules Verne (France) 1870

Demons Fyodor Dostoevsky (Russia) 1872.

Descent of Man Charles Darwin (UK) 1871

Studies in the Renaissance Pater (UK) 1873

Funereal Toast Stephane Mallarmé (France) 1873

A Season in Hell Rimbeaud (France) 1873

Adventures of Tom Sawyer Mark Twain (US) 1875

The Afternoon of a Faun Stephane Mallarmé (France) 1876

Anna Karenina Tolstoy (Russia) 1877

Pillars of Society Henrik Ibsen (Norway) 1877

Daisy Miller Henry James (US) 1879  

A Doll’s House Henrik Ibsen (Norway) 1879

Music 

Song of Destiny Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1871

Boris Gudonov, Modest Mussorgsky (Russia) 1872

2 string quartets, Opus 51 Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1873

Symphony No. 1, Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1876

Symphony No. 2, Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1877

Violin Concerto, Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1878

Swan Lake Peter Tchaikovsky (Russia) 1876 

Violin Concerto, Opus 76 Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1879

Visual

Monet (various)

Theory

The Civil War in France Marx (UK) 1871

The Birth of Tragedy Friedrich Nietzsche (Germany) 1872

Human, All too Human Friedrich Nietzsche (Germany) 1878

1880s

Events

Britain colonizes Egypt 1882

Rockefeller creates Standard Oil 1883

Invention of automobile by Karl Benz 1889

North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington join US 1889

Texts

Poems 1484-1649 Emily Dickinson (US) 1870-79 (Complete works, Ed. Thomas Johnson). Note that poems 1650-1775 are undated.

The Brothers Karamazov Fyodor Dostoevsky (Russia) 1880

Science and Culture Huxley (UK) 1880

Bras Cubas Machado de Assis (Brazil) 1880

Bouvard and Pecuchet Gustave Flaubert (France) 1880

Leaves of Grass Walt Whitman (final version, written since 1850s) (US) 1881

Ghosts Henrik Ibsen (Norway) 1881

An Enemy of the People Henrik Ibsen (Norway) 1882

Literature and Science Arnold (UK) 1882

Huckleberry Finn Mark Twain (US) 1884

Prose for Des Esseintes Stephane Mallarmé (France) 1884

The Wild Duck Henrik Ibsen (Norway) 1884

Germinal Zola (France) 1885

Touch Me Not Jose Rizal (Philippines) 1886

The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde R.L. Stephenson (US) 1886

Miss Julie August Strindberg (Sweden) 1888

A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court Mark Twain (US) 1889

Music

The 1812 Overture Peter Tchaikovsky (Russia) 1880

Song of Fates (Gesang der Parzen) Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1882

Symphony No. 3, Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1883

Symphony No. 4, Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1885

Second Cello Sonata Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1886

Second Violin Sonata (A major) Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1886

Third Violin Sonata (D minor) Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1888

Visual

Monet (various)

The Potato Eaters Vincent Van Gogh (Netherlands) 1885

Four Sunflowers, Lemons, Pears, Apples, Grapes and an Orange Vincent Van Gogh (Netherlands) 1887

Fourteen Sunflowers, Café Terrace at Night, Night Café Vincent Van Gogh (Netherlands) 1888

Self-portrait with Bandaged Ear, Self-portrait, Irises, A Cornfield with Cypresses Vincent Van Gogh (Netherlands) 1889

Theory

The Gay Science Friedrich Nietzsche (Germany) 1882

Beyond Good and Evil Friedrich Nietzsche (Germany) 1886

Capital (Vol. 2) Karl Marx (Germany-UK) 1885 (posthumous)

Genealogy of Morals Friedrich Nietzsche (Germany) 1887

1890s

Events

Idaho and Wyoming join US 1890

Boer War 1899-1902

Sino-Japanese War 1894-95 (Japan colonizes Taiwan)

Utah joins US 1896

Spanish-American War 1898, US colonization of Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Philippines

Hawaii annexed by US 1898

Texts

Hedda Gabler Henrik Ibsen (Norway) 1890

Manasi Rabindranath Tagore (India) 1890

Subversion Jose Rizal (Philippines) 1891

Qincas Borba Machado de Assis (Brazil) 1891

The Importance of Being Earnest Oscar Wilde (UK) 1895

Red Badge of Courage Stephen Crane (US) 1895

The Seagull Anton Chekhov (Russia) 1895

The Time Machine H.G. Wells (UK) 1895

Uncle Vanya Anton Chekhov (Russia) 1896

Dracula Abraham Stoker (UK) 1897

A Throw of the Dice Stephane Mallarmé (France) 1897

When We Dead Awaken Henrik Ibsen (Norway) 1897

The Turn of the Screw Henry James 1898

The Awakening Kate Chopin (US) 1899  

Dom Casmurro, Machado de Assis (Brazil) 1899

Hérodiade Stephane Mallarmé (France) 1898

Music

String Quartet (G major) Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1890

Clarinet Quintet (Opus 115) Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1891

The Nutcracker Peter Tchaikovsky (Russia) 1891

Symphony No. 6 (Pathetique) Peter Tchaikovsky (Russia) 1893

Pelleas and Melisande Claude Debussy (France) 1894 

Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun Claude Debussy (France) 1894

2 clarinet sonatas, Opus 120 Johannes Brahms (Germany) 1894

Symphony No. 2, Resurrection Symphony Mahler (Austria) 1895

La Bohème Puccini (Italy) 1896

Visual

Church at Auvers, Branches of an Almond Tree in Blossom, Cottages with Thatched Roofs at Cordeville, Wheatfield with Crows Vincent Van Gogh (Netherlands) 1890

Monet (wheatstack, Rouen cathedral and waterlilies series)

Theory

The Golden Bough James Frazer (UK) 1890

The Interpretation of Dreams Sigmund Freud (Austria) 1899