3. Gleanings from the Medical Literature Bibliography
GLEANINGS FROM THE MEDICAL LITERATURE
Nonmedical factors often determine the diagnosis and treatment of slow labor.
High-dose oxytocin regimens pose risks.
Active management
is at worst, ineffective, and at best, unnecessary.
Active management does not eliminate the adverse effects of epidurals.
Simple, noninvasive strategies may safely and effectively enhance labor progress during the dilation and pushing phases of labor as well as make for a pleasanter labor.
Women admitted to the hospital in early or prelabor may be more likely to have labor interventions.
ACOG. Dystocia and the augmentation of labor. Technical Bulletin No. 218, 1995.
Albers LL, Schiff M, and Gorwoda JG. The length of active labor in normal pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 1996;87(3):355-9.
Boyd ME, Usher RH, and McLean FH. Fetal macrosomia: prediction, risks, proposed management. Obstet Gynecol 1983;61(6):715-22.
Boylan PC. Active management of labor: results in Dublin, Houston, London, New Brunswick, Singapore, and Valparaiso. Birth 1989;16(3):114-118.
Cahill DJ, Boylan PC, and OHerlihy C. Does oxytocin increase perinatal risk in primigravid labor? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992;166(3):847-50.
Consensus Conference Report. Indications for cesarean section: final statement of the panel of the National Consensus Conference on Aspects of Cesarean Birth. Can Med Assoc J 1986;134:1348-52.
Cavlovich FE. Subgaleal hemorrhage in the neonate. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 1995;24(5):397-404.
Drife JO. Choice and instrumental delivery. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996;103(7):608-11.
FDA. FDA public health advisory: need for CAUTION when using vacuum assisted delivery devices. May 21, 1998. http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/fetal/598.html.
Granstrom L, Ekman G, and Malmstrom A. Insufficient remodelling of the uterine connective tissue in women with protracted labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1991;98:1212-6.
Hankins GDV and Rowe TF. Operative vaginal delivery--year 2000. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175(2):275-82.
Hemminki E et al. Ambulation versus oxytocin in protracted labour: a pilot study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1985;20:199-208.
Keller JD et al. Shoulder dystocia and birth trauma in gestational diabetes: a five-year experience. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165(4 Pt 1):928-30.
Klaus MH. Intermittent versus continuous support of women in labor. Presented at Innovations in Perinatal Care: Assessing Benefits and Risks, twelfth conference sponsored by the journal Birth and the Boston University School of Public Health, Waltham, MA, June 5-7, 1998.
Kitzinger S. The desexing of birth; some effects of professionalization of care; the god-sibs; what matters to women--their words. Paper presented at Innovations in Perinatal Care: Assessing Benefits and Risks, ninth conference presented by Birth, San Francisco, November 1990.
Lucas MJ. The role of vacuum extraction in modern obstetrics. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1994;37(4):794-805.
Lumley J. Events and experiences in childbirth: is there an association with postpartum depression? Presented at the 10th Birth conference, Boston, Oct 31-Nov1, 1992.
Macara LM and Murphy KW. The contribution of dystocia to the cesarean section rate. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1994;171(1):71-7.
McDonald D et al. The Dublin randomized controlled trial of intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;152(5):524-539.
Menticoglou SM, Perlman M, and Manning FA. High cervical spinal cord injury in noenatres delivered with forceps: a report of 15 cases. Obstet Gynecol 1995;86(4 Pt 1):589-94.
Meyer L et al. Maternal and neonatal morbidity in instrumental deliveries with the Kobayashi vacuum extractor and low forceps. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1987;66:643-7.
O’Driscoll K and Meagher D. Active management of labour. 2d ed. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1986.
Olah K. The active mismanagement of labour. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1996;103:729-31.
Rouse DJ, Owen J, and Hauth JC. Active-phase labor arrest: oxytocin augmentation for at least 4 hours. Obstet Gynecol 1999;93(3):323-8.
Shyken JM and Petrie RH. The use of oxytocin. Clin Perinatol 1995;22(4):907-31.
Siegel P. Does bath water enter the vagina? Obstet Gynecol 1960;15:660-1.
Simkin P. Stress, pain and catecholamines in labor: part 2. Stress associated with childbirth events: a pilot survey of new mothers. Birth 1986;13(4):234-240.
Thornton JG and Lilford RJ. Active management of labour: current knowledge and research. BMJ 1994;309(6951):366-9.
Ventura SJ et al. Report of final natality statistics, 1995. Month Vital Stat Rep 1997;45(11, Suppl):1-80.
Wainer-Cohen N. Personal communication, Jun 7, 1998.
Williams MC. Vacuum-assisted delivery. Clin Perinatol 1995;22(4):933-52.
1. Problems with Typical Management
a. Active Management of Labor
b. Procedures
2. The Bottom Line
a. Benefits and Risks of Techniques for Coping with Poor Progress
b. Strategies to Avoid the Need for IV Oxytocin,
Instrumental Delivery or Cesarean Section
3. Gleanings from the Medical Literature and Bibliography
© 1999 by Perigee Books
The Thinking Woman’s Guide to a Better Birth