Chapter 21

The Rise of Modernism: Art of the Later 19th Century

Nineteenth-Century Romanticism and Realism

George Gordon, Lord Byron (See right). The epitome of the Romantic hero, a type that exists to this day. Byron died in Missolongi, Greece, in 1824, at the age of 36. He had gone there to help fight for Greek independence from the Ottoman Turks.

• Giovanni Battista Piranesi, Carceri (Prisons). Etching, second state. Italy, ca. 1750 (20-34) The "Gothick" Taste

• Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare, 1781. (20-39)
  Consider this word: incubus : the evil creature who comes to you in the night to give you nightmares...

• William Blake, The Ancient of Days, the frontispiece of Europe: Prophecy, 1794. Metal relief etching, hand colored. (Gardner, 28-36)

• Piranesi. Carceri, ca. 1750 (20-38)
• Ingres. Grande Odalisque, 1814 (20-37)

Realism

Francisco Goya (1746-1828)

• Goya, Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters (from Los Caprichos), Spain, 1799 (20-41)
• Goya, The Family of Charles IV, 1800 (20-42)

• Goya, 3rd of May, 1808, Spain, 1814 (20-43)

Those French Painters who Fled the Influence of Ingres :
Thédore Géricault (1791-1824) and Eugene Delacroix (1798-1863)

• Géricault, Raft of the Medusa, France, 1818-19 (20-45)

• Géricault, Insane Woman (Envy), France, 1822-23 (20-46)

• Géricault's portrait of his student, Eugene Delacroix (Just thought you might like to see this)
• Delacroix, Death of Sardanapalus, France, 1826 (20-47)

• Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People, France, 1830 (20-48)

F.Y.I.:	
	On the Lure of the (Near) East:
	The Wilder Shores of Love by Lesley Blanch; and
	Orientalism by Edward Said.
	Two very different studies of the 19th-century phenomenon of
	Orientalism.

The Romantic Landscape in Germany, England and the U.S.A.

Caspar David Friedrich, Cloister Graveyard in the Snow, Germany, 1810 (28-49) [Skip this time]

John Constable, The Haywain, England, 1821. (20-53)

J. M. W. Turner, Slave Ship, England, 1840 (28-50)

Thomas Cole, The Oxbow,, U.S.A., 1836. (20-55)

 F.Y.I.:	
	For more on Neoclassicism and Romanticism:
	The Romantic Rebellion by Kenneth Clark

The New Architecture

• Joseph Paxton, the Crystal Palace, London, 1850-1851 (now destroyed). Iron and glass. (20-62)

• J. L. Charles Garnier, the Opera, Paris, 1861-1874. (20-60)
  aerial view of the Paris Opera
  Panorama of the monumental foyer Don't get dizzy!

The Earliest Years of Photography

• Daguerre, Still Life in Studio. Daguerrotype, 1837. (20-64)

• Nadar, Eugene Delacroix Modern print made from the original glass negative, 1855. (20-66)

• Julia Margaret Cameron, Ophelia, Study no. 2, albumen print, 1867 (20-67)

• Sarah Bernhardt Photographed by Nadar, 1859. (See right)

• Gertrude Kasebier, Blessed Art Thou Among Women, 1899 Platinum print on Japanese tissue (21-19)

• Timothy O'Sullivan, A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1863. Original print by Alexander Gardner. (20-68)

Chapter 21:
The Rise of Modernism
Art of the Later 19th Century

The Development of Modernism

• Courbet, Burial at Ornans, 1849 (21-2)

• Millet, The Gleaners, 1857 (21-3)
  [Skip this time]
  Mark Twain's short story: Is He Living Or Is He Dead? A parody of the life of Millet, the art market, and the idea of fame, circa 1893.
• Daumier, Rue Transnonain, 1834, 1834, lithograph (21-4)

• Edouard Manet, Déjeuner sur l'Herbe, 1863. (21-7)

• Edouard Manet, Olympia, 1863. (21-8)

A Pause to Consider Dreadful Academic Painting

• Bouguereau, Nymphs and Satyr, 1873. (21-9)

  
  And another smarmy painting : The Broken Pitcher of
  1891.  This is the most popular painting at the Legion of Honor in 
  San Francisco.
  See right
  
  

Bastien-LePage, Joan of Arc, 1879. Another example for your delight. [Skip this time]

---

Realism Outside France

• Thomas Eakins, The Gross Clinic, 1875 (21-2)
• John Singer Sargent, The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit, (21-14) [Skip this time]

• Henry Ossawa Tanner, The Thankful Poor, 1894 (21-15)
• Millais, Ophelia, 1852, (21-17) [Skip this time]

Impressionism

The New Light

• Claude Monet, Impression, Sunrise, 1872. (0. 2`-20)

• Claude Monet, Rouen Cathedral in the Sun, 1894. (21-29)

The New Paris

Some sources for the New Paris:

1. National Gallery photo exhibit looks at 'Paris in Transition'
2. Haussmann and New Paris
3. Haussmann's Paris Contemporary drawings and photographs

• Gustave Caillebotte, Paris: A Rainy Day, 1877. (21-22)

• Camille Pissaro, Place du Theatre Francais, Paris. (Gardner, 21-23)

• Auguste Renoir, Le Moulin de la Galette, 1876. (21-25)

• Edouard Manet, A Bar at the Folies Bergére. 1882. (21-26)

• Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, At the Moulin Rouge, 1892-1895. (21-32)

The New Subject

• Edgar Degas, Ballet Rehearsal,, 1876. (21-27)

• Edgar Degas, The Tub, c. 1886 (21-30)

• Mary Cassatt, The Bath, c. 1892. (21-31)
  The Letter 1891.

• Berthe Morisot, Villa at the Seaside, 1874. () Pass for now

• James Abbott McNeill Whistler (American), Nocturne in Blue and Gold (Old Battersea Bridge), 1877. (21-33)
  Arrangement in Grey and Black: Portrait of the Painter's Mother (Whistler's Mother), 1871.

 

Post-Impressionism

• Georges Seurat, La Grande Jatte, 1884-86 (21-39)
  Now a major musical! Sunday in the Park with George

• Paul Gauguin, The Vision After the Sermon (Jacob Wrestling with the Angel), 1888 (21-36)

• Gauguin. Spirit of the Dead Watching, 1893.
• Paul Gauguin, Where do we come from? Where are we going?, France/Tahiti, 1897 (21-37)

• Vincent Van Gogh, Night Cafe, Dutch, 1888 (21-34)

• Vincent Van Gogh, Starry Night, Dutch, 1889. (21-35) Consider his use of impasto

• Paul Cézanne, The Basket of Apples, ca. 1895. (21-41)

• Paul Cézanne, Mont Sainte-Victoire, 1902-1904. (21-40)

Henri Rousseau and Edvard Munch

• Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy, 1897 (21-45)

• Munch, The Cry, 1893 (21-46)

Sculpture and Decorative Arts

• Rodin, Burghers of Calais, France, 1886 (21-50)
• The Thinker ca. 1880.
  
  Note the Rodin Museum in Philadelphia

On to the 20th Century

Back to the 18th Century

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